Tag Archives: tree care

Anatomy of a Tree

How knowledgeable are you when it comes to the anatomy of a tree?  Being able to identify parts of a tree is helpful in identifying tree illnesses and safety hazards.  Tweet your tree anatomy questions at us: “@westchestertree”.

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Starting from the Bottom:  The Root System

A healthy root system makes for a healthy tree!  The purpose of the tree’s root system is to anchor the tree, as well as absorb water and minerals from the soil.  There are two kinds of roots, large perennial roots and small, short-lived “feeder” roots.

Did You Know:  Tree roots are typically found in the top three feet of soil.

The Five Parts of a Tree Trunk

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Did you know a tree trunk has five parts?  A tree trunk is comprised of the outer bark, the inner bark, the cambium cell layer, sapwood and heartwood!  

The heartwood is the innermost layer of the tree trunk, and acts as the supporting pillar of the tree.  Though the heartwood is technically dead, it does not decay or lose strength while the outer layers of the tree are intact.  Heartwood is a composite of hollow, needlelike cellulose fibers which are bound together by a chemical-like glue, lignin, making it almost as strong as steel.

The layer which covers the heartwood is the sapwood, which later hardens and turns into heartwood.  Sapwood acts as the trees pipeline for water, helping it move up to the tree’s leaves.

After the sapwood is the cambium cell layer.  The cambium cell layer annually produces new barn and wood in response to auxins, the hormones which are passed down through the tree.  Auxins stimulate growth in cells and are produced by leaf buds at the ends of a tree’s branches.

Next is the Phloem, or the inner bark, which acts as the pipeline for food.  The Phloem only lives for a short time before turning to cork; this cork is part of the tree’s protective outer bark.

Lastly is the outer bark, which protects the tree from the outside world.  This outermost later helps keep out moisture and prevents the tree from losing moisture; the outer bark also insulates against extreme temperatures.

Branches, Twigs and Leaves

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A tree’s branches and twigs spring out of the trunk and are the supportive structure for leaves, flowers and fruit.  Through the process of photosynthesis, leaves make food for the tree and release oxygen into the air.

How Trees Are Damaged During Construction

Winter is the perfect time to begin planning your upcoming spring projects and renovations.  If you are considering tackling a construction project near your home or residence, try to keep the surrounding trees in mind to avoid potential damage.  Here are a few ways trees are damaged during construction.

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Do you have tree care questions? Call Westchester Tree Life!

Trunk and Crown Injury

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Westchester Tree Life serves all of Westchester county.

Did you know construction equipment can injure the portion of your trees which sit above ground?  Branch breakage, wounds to the trunk and tearing of the tree bark are all ways your tree can become injured during a construction project.  To avoid permanent or fatal injuries to your tree, ask your team to be mindful of their equipment, or mark a barrier.

Root Damage

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This diagram helps to explain how nutrients move through a tree’s system, beginning with the root system.

Construction which is tearing up ground or affecting the ground can potentially damage your tree’s roots!  Your tree’s root system is vital, as it absorbs water and minerals from the soil and sends them up the trunk to nourish the tree.  When planning construction, try to cut as far away from the tree as possible; a good rule of thumb is to steer clear of working underneath the tree’s crown.  

Did You Know:  Damage to a tree’s roots can affect its ability to stand upright during storms, causing potential danger and property damage.

Soil Compaction

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Soil that has not been compacted vs. compacted soil via Mother Earth News

Be aware that heavy construction equipment can cause soil compaction.  This reduces pore space which is necessary for water and air movement.  Soil compaction can halt root growth, limit water absorption and penetration and decrease oxygen.

For more information on how trees are damaged during construction, check this guide from Trees Are Good.

Tree Facts: Forest, Air and Climate

Protecting and preserving Earth’s natural forests is a pivotal step in ensuring a healthy environment.  Check out some of these cool tree facts explaining how trees affect the forest, air and climate.  Tweet your tree facts at “@westchestertree” and join the conversation!

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How Trees Affect Air Quality

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We produce carbon dioxide simply by breathing; one mature tree absorbs carbon dioxide at a rate of 48 pounds per year!  It takes two mature trees to provide enough oxygen for one person to breathe for a full year.  What’s even more amazing, is that in one year, an acre of forest can absorb twice the C02 emissions which are produced by the average car’s annual mileage.

How Trees Affect Climate

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Earth has experienced a major shift in temperature since 1880, and most warming has occurred in the past 35 years.  Global temperature rise, warming oceans, shrinking ice sheets and declining Arctic sea ice are just a few repercussions of global warming.  Deforestation is a major variable in global warming; 15 percent of global emissions of heat-trapping gasses are attributed to deforestation.

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How do trees help the climate?  In just one day, a single tree can absorb up to 100 gallons of water, which cools the surrounding area when released into the air.

Forest Facts

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Forests house a variety of insects, plants and animals which are vital in maintaining a well-rounded food chain.  When a forest is uprooted or destroyed by manmade or natural causes, these insects, plants and animals are left without homes and food.  Deforestation and the decline of forest inhabitants results in a domino-effect of failing eco-systems.

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 Did you know you are directly affected by the benefits of forests?  Forests are the largest forms of carbon storage (also known as sinks) in the United States.  They help to trap dust, ash, pollen and smoke, keeping pollutants out of our lungs!

For more facts on climate change, visit NASA’s Climate Change page here.  To learn more about the benefits of trees, visit American Forests’ forest fact page here.

Common Tree Diseases

The key to maintaining beautiful trees is being able to understand the basics of tree health.  Spot these common tree diseases before they irreversibly ruin your tree’s health with help from our quick guide.

Fire Blight

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Fire Blight via Perdue University

You may have noticed fire blight during the summertime, as the bacteria is most active in warm, moist weather.  Trees affected by fire blight appear to have “scorched” branches, leaves and twigs, leaving them brown or black.  This disease can be spread by infected pruning tools, bees and rain.

The solution to fire blight is simple:  prune!  Call your professional arborist as soon as you notice fire blight to prevent it from spreading.  Proper pruning is essential, so be sure to have a professional aborist take care of it.

The Emerald Ash Borer Beetle

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Tree infected by the EAB beetle via The Emerald Ash Borer Resource Guide

Trees infected by the Emerald Ash Borer or EAB beetle are characterized by a thinning or dying crown, and erratic growth along the trunk.  Infected trees often attract woodpeckers, as the birds are harvesting the beetles in the bark.  The sure sign of an EAB infestation/infection are unique “D”-shaped holes where the beetles have exited the trees.

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The EAB via The National Park Service

An EAB infestation is serious and can be spread to other trees in the surrounding area.  Contact Westchester Tree Life at the first sign of an EAB infestation.

Tip:  When you are unable to diagnose what is wrong with your plants, trees or shrubs, call a professional arborist.  Westchester Tree Life can assist by providing a detailed evaluation as well as a plant health care plan to keep you on the right track!

Powdery Mildew

Powdery Mildew Fungi on Pumpkin Leaves

Powdery mildew on pumpkin leaves via Pure Nutrients

Have you noticed powdery mildew accumulating on your leaves?  This white coating forms during dry, cloudy weather with high humidity, and can be caused by a variety of fungi.  You may notice that powdery mildew tends to grow on plants in shaded areas.

To prevent powdery mildew, seek out resistant varieties of trees and shrubs.  Ask your local arborist which available fungicides will work best to protect your plants, trees and shrubs.

3 Signs a Tree Is Dying

Knowing how to properly care for the trees on your property is key when maintaining a safe environment.  A dying tree is a danger to the surrounding buildings, power lines, pedestrians and more; knowing how to spot a dying tree easily can save you from damages.  Here are 3 signs a tree is dying.

Trunk Damage

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When assessing the health of your tree, start at the trunk!  If the damage to a tree’s trunk is sufficient enough, it compromises the future of the tree.  Look for any cracks in the trunk and check the bark; a lack of bark may be a tell-tale sign that your tree is not so healthy.  Though it is normal for a tree’s bark to fall off as it ages, it’s not a good sign if the bark won’t grow back.

Damaged Roots

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Tree roots can cause thousands of dollars in damage to sewer lines. Prevent plumbing problems by following these tree-planting tips.
via Popular Mechanics

A healthy root system is essential for tree healthy.  The roots are where water and nutrients are absorbed and distributed throughout the tree.  If your tree’s roots aren’t visible, call Westchester Tree Life to assist in your tree care evaluation; we can help spot damage properly.

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A leaning tree; via CBS New York

Is your tree leaning?  A noticeable lean can be a sign of serious root damage.  Leaning trees are a damage to their surroundings, especially during the stress of winter storms.  As ice bears down and wind pushes, the tree can give way and land on a nearby home, business, car or person.

Bare Branches

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If you are concerned a tree on your property is dying, check it’s branches come springtime.  A tree which is not producing leaves is a warning sign.  If you notice that only one side of your tree has dead or dying branches, you may want to have a professional arborist come to check for serious trunk and root damage.

 If you are concerned a tree on your property is dead or dying, call a professional arborist from Westchester Tree Life today at (914) 238-0069.  You can also request a consultation using our online form here.

Branch Breakage

 Start the new year on a safe note!  Winter weather is here and that means it’s the season for branch breakage.  Branch breakage happens during winter storms and can cause potential property damage.  Stay safe with Westchester Tree Life!

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Branch Breakage:  Understanding the Problem

Westchester’s winter storms can be abrasive.  Minimize property damage and ensure your property is safe by taking the time to check your tree branches on a clear day.  If you need help identifying branches which are susceptible to breaking, our professional arborists are more than happy to help.

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If you have deciduous trees planted on your property, take note that their wood hardens during the winter, making branches more apt to snap.  Once ice and snow accumulate, the branches are further weighed down, causing potential branch breakage risks.  Evergreen trees are also prone to branch breakage due to snow and ice accumulation.

Minimizing Branch Breakage

Routine tree maintenance is the best way to minimize tree branch breakage.  Our tree care professionals offer concise plant health care plans tailored to the specific needs of your trees, plants and shrubs.  Year-round tree maintenance is essential in protecting and preserving your trees, plants and shrubs.

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Prepare for next year by scheduling your tree maintenance, especially for fall 2017.  Good fall tree maintenance is key; this is when we prune weak and vulnerable branches.  Do you have a question or concern?  Request a consultation with one of Westchester Tree Life’s arborists with our easy-to-use online form here

Winter Storm Prep

Are you prepared for winter to hit Westchester county?  Stress less this winter with our winter storm prep tips.  To prepare for winter weather before any storm hits, request a consultation from Westchester county arborists, Westchester Tree Life online here.

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Schedule Your Consultation

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Westchester Tree Life are also proud members of the International Society of Arboriculture!

Prevent winter storm damage with an assessment from a professional arborist!  Our team is ISA-certified and knows what to look for to ensure your trees are healthy and secure for the upcoming season.  If you are unsure whether your trees can withstand this winter, call Westchester Tree Life today at (914) 238-0069.

Fallen Tree Branches

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Storm damage via CBS Sacramento

Heavy snow can stress weak tree branches to the point of snapping and falling on  powerlines, a car, house or garage.  Damage from a fallen tree branch can be lethal; keep your Westchester residence safe and secure by checking before the winter weather hits.  Make sure your weak tree branches are properly cared for with help from Westchester Tree Life!

Power Line Safety

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Jay Ericson clears snow of branches weighing down on power lines at his home
via Daily Mail

Strong winds, heavy snow and other harsh winter storm conditions can leave your powerlines susceptible to tree damage.  Removing leaning trees and brittle branches close to powerlines is a responsible way to make sure your Westchester home is safe for winter 2016.

Emergency Tree Care in Westchester County

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High winds, heavy snow or ice, and lightning can cause serious damage to your property. When Mother Nature leaves her mark in the way of fallen branches, downed trees, or any hazardous limbs hanging precariously over walkways, cars or your home, call Westchester Tree Life for prompt service. We also have emergency 24 hour service available.

Anti-Desiccant Spray

Westchester county arborists Westchester Tree Life want to ensure your trees are healthy throughout the upcoming winter.  Protect your broadleaf evergreens from winter desiccation with anti-desiccant spray!

About Desiccation or Winter Burn

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Winter desiccation, also known as “winter burn” is a common plant injury which occurs once the amount of water lost by the foliage has exceeded the amount absorbed by the roots.

Symptoms of Winter Desiccation

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Symptoms of winter desiccation include the browning and discoloration of leaves, as well as leaf spots.  These visible signs of damage are linked directly to harsh environmental conditions.  If the damage from winter desiccation is extensive, the tree or shrub’s leaves will drop.

Protect Your Broadleaf Evergreens with Anti-Desiccant Spray

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via gardensolutions.com

The solution to ensuring the health of your beautiful broadleaf evergreens is anti-desiccant spray!  Westchester Tree Life’s professionally trained arborists can apply anti-desiccant spray to your broadleaf evergreens, trees and shrubs before the cold weather strikes.  Anti-desiccant spray is the perfect way to maintain the moisture-level of your broadleaf evergreens throughout dry, brisk weather.

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Contact Westchester Tree Life today to schedule your anti-desiccant spraying!  Ask about our plant health care program and how it can help you.  Request a consultation online here or call Westchester county’s leading arborists, Westchester Tree Life at (914) 238-0069.

Tree Cable Inspection

Have you had tree cabling installed?  It might be time to call Westchester county’s leading tree care experts, Westchester Tree Life for a an inspection of cables in trees that were previously installed  to make  sure they are still in good working order.

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About Tree Cabling

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Cabling involves installing steel cables between major limbs, or leaders, to help support the tree and to reduce strain.  Cabling also lessens stress damage that can come from high winds, ice or snow weight.

Preventing Storm Damage

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Prepare for winter storms with help from Westchester Tree Life!  Asking a professional arborist to visit your property and inspect your trees to ensure they are healthy enough to withstand a storm can save a lot of stress.

Westchester Tree Life:  Tree Cabling Inspection

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A great way to prevent storm damage is with tree cabling.  Installing cabling can help reduce stress during strong winds and heavy snow; strengthening weak branches helps to ensure your tree’s longevity.  Made of extra high-strength steel, tree cables assist in limiting the movement of the tree’s supported branches, making them less likely to break and cause damage.

Stay safe and stress-free this upcoming season with assistance from Westchester Tree Life!  Call us today at (914) 238-0069 or request a consultation online here.

View all of Westchester Tree Life’s services here.

Preparing Trees for Winter

Many homeowners tend to think yard work comes to a stop in the fall, but it’s important for the health of your trees to prepare them for harsh winter conditions.  By taking a few simple steps, you can help your trees weather the worst winter New England can throw at them.

Fall is the time to prepare trees for winter!

Fall is the time to prepare trees for winter!

First, spread a layer of mulch under each tree.  This will act as an extra layer of insulation to protect the tree’s roots from cold and frost.  We suggest using organic composted mulch which will will not only protect the tree, but feed it as the organic matter decomposes.

You’ll also want to continue to adequately water your trees throughout the fall.  They need water as much now as they did during the spring and summer, especially after the unusually dry conditions we’ve had over the past couple of years.  Just be sure not to water when the soil and trees are frozen.

Trees that are stressed form drought are vulnerable to winter extremes.

Trees that are stressed form drought are vulnerable to winter extremes.

Consider protecting trees from damage due to snow plows, shoveling, and hungry animals.  Young trees in particular are more susceptible to these forms of damage.  Wrapping the trunks of these trees in burlap or plastic cloth will ward off damage as well as provide additional protection against the cold.

Fall is an ideal time to prune trees.  Once the leaves have fallen, it’s easier to see the tree’s shape and structure as well as any damaged or diseased branches.  Pruning correctly is vital to the tree’s health, so for this task it is best to consult a professional.  Large trees must be pruned by a trained arborist for safety reasons as well as for the health of the tree.

Winter storms can cause major damage to weak trees.

Winter storms can cause major damage to weak trees.

You may be surprised to learn this, but fall is the ideal time of year to plant new trees!  The cooler weather stimulates root growth.  Later, the warmth and rain of spring encourages new top growth, resulting in a well established tree.  Some species of trees are best planted early in fall, while others do better when planted after becoming dormant.  Consult your garden store for the best time to plant the tree you wish to add to your yard.

At Westchester Tree Life, we strongly encourage our clients to schedule a tree inspection before winter snow and wind take their toll.  We will carefully inspect your trees for any weakness and help prepare them for the coming season.  Contact us today to schedule an inspection and learn how we can help prepare your trees for winter!